Direct :
using a proxy with SwitchProxy and Firefox:
1. Download and install SwitchProxy
2. for his no proxies please search on google with the keyword free proxy
3. after downloading files from the mozilla cokies please remove it after it changed with no other proxy and try to download other files again
oya, I Sampek forget, we can also hide ip pakek software (software for its air much I post please search on this blog)
may be useful for us all
if we have knowledge, share so helpful and I'm sure we'll find the greatest happiness.
although the science that we can not deliver kadang2 applied by others karna one thing (eg its not suitable computer / not compatible with applications that we provide) but at least we've helped and want to share
thanks for everything
Sunday, November 29, 2009
Tips Download at Rapidshare with no wait time 15 Minutes
Download in rapidshare emang rather annoying. Usually if you download the rapidshare waiting time especially if you've downloaded a file then we have to wait about - about 15 minutes to download other files. But not to worry because I'll discuss how to deal with the problems mentioned above is that we do not need to wait 15 minutes to download other files. So after we download files from rapidshare and want to download another file again so we do not need to menuggu 15 minutes.
It's the easiest way to apply.
Step - steps as follows:
1. Sign in to Command Prompt (DOS)), can be through the Run>> cmd
2. Type
ipconfig / flushdns
Enter
ipconfig / release
enter
ipconfig / renew
3. After the exit
4. Now go to mozilla firefox and its clean cookies
5. now try downloading the file again.
we do not automatically need menuggu time 15 minutes.
quite so
It's the easiest way to apply.
Step - steps as follows:
1. Sign in to Command Prompt (DOS)), can be through the Run>> cmd
2. Type
ipconfig / flushdns
Enter
ipconfig / release
enter
ipconfig / renew
3. After the exit
4. Now go to mozilla firefox and its clean cookies
5. now try downloading the file again.
we do not automatically need menuggu time 15 minutes.
quite so
Monday, November 23, 2009
5 ways to speed up your PC
By following a few simple guidelines, you can maintain your computer and keep it running smoothly. This article discusses how to use the tools available in Windows 7, Vista, and XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) to more efficiently maintain your computer and safeguard your privacy when you're online.
1. Free up disk space
The Disk Cleanup tool helps you free up space on your hard disk to improve the performance of your computer. The tool identifies files that you can safely delete, and then enables you to choose whether you want to delete some or all of the identified files.
Use Disk Cleanup to:
Remove temporary Internet files.
Remove downloaded program files (such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets).
Empty the Recycle Bin.
Remove Windows temporary files such as error reports.
Remove optional Windows components that you don't use.
Remove installed programs that you no longer use.
Remove unused restore points and shadow copies from System Restore.
Tip: Typically, temporary Internet files take the most amount of space because the browser caches each page you visit for faster access later.
To use Disk Cleanup
Window 7 users
Click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
When Disk Cleanup has calculated how much space you can free, in the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.
Disk Cleanup dialog box
Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.
For more options, such as cleaning up System Restore and Shadow copy files, under Description, click Clean up system files, then click the More Options tab.
When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes.
After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner and performing better.
For Windows XP users
Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.
Choose the files that you want to delete.
Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.
When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes.
After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner and performing better.
2. Speed up access to data
Disk fragmentation slows the overall performance of your system. When files are fragmented, the computer must search the hard disk when the file is opened to piece it back together. The response time can be significantly longer.
Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard disk so that each occupies a single space on the disk. With your files stored neatly end-to-end, without fragmentation, reading and writing to the disk speeds up.
When to run Disk Defragmenter
In addition to running Disk Defragmenter at regular intervals—monthly is optimal—there are other times you should run it too, such as when:
You add a large number of files.
Your free disk space totals 15 percent or less.
You install new programs or a new version of Windows.
To use Disk Defragmenter:
Windows 7 users
Click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.
Click Analyze disk to start the Disk Defragmenter.
In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment, and then click the Analyze button. After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.
Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment disk button. In the Current status area, under the Progress column, you can monitor the process as it happens. After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
You can also schedule the Disk Defragmenter to run automatically, and your computer might be set up this way by default. Under Schedule, it reads Scheduled defragmentation is turned on, then displays the time of day and frequency of defragmentation. If you want to turn off automatic defragmentation or change the time or frequency, click the Configure schedule (or Turn on Schedule, if it is not currently configured to run automatically). Then change the settings, then click OK.
To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, click the Close button on the title bar of the window.
To use Disk Defragmenter:
Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.
Click Analyze to start the Disk Defragmenter.
In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment, and then click the Analyze button. After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.
Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment button. Note: In Windows Vista, there is no graphical user interface to demonstrate the progress—but your hard drive is still being defragmented.
After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, click the Close button on the title bar of the window.
3. Detect and repair disk errors
In addition to running Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter to optimize the performance of your computer, you can check the integrity of the files stored on your hard disk by running the Error Checking utility.
As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult, or even impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors, and scans for file system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced.
If you use your computer daily, you should run this utility once a week to help prevent data loss.
To run the Error Checking utility:
Close all open files.
Click Start, and then click My Computer.
In the My Computer window, right-click the hard disk you want to search for bad sectors, and then click Properties.
In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab.
Click the Check Now button.
In the Check Disk dialog box (called Error-checking in Windows 7), select the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors check box, and then click Start.
If bad sectors are found, choose to fix them.
Tip: Only select the "Automatically fix file system errors" check box if you think that your disk contains bad sectors.
4. Protect your computer against spyware
Spyware collects personal information without letting you know and without asking for permission. From the Web sites you visit to usernames and passwords, spyware can put you and your confidential information at risk. In addition to privacy concerns, spyware can hamper your computer's performance. To combat spyware, you might want to consider using Microsoft Windows Defender, which is included in Windows 7 and Windows Vista, and is available as a free download for Microsoft XP SP2. Alternatively, there are other free anti-spyware software programs available.
5. Learn all about ReadyBoost
If you're using Windows 7 or Vista, you can use ReadyBoost to speed up your system. A new concept in adding memory to a system, it allows you to use non-volatile flash memory—like a USB flash drive or a memory card—to improve performance without having to add additional memory. Learn moreC:\windows\system32\config\system
C:\windows\system32\config\system missing or corrupt |  |
| by Mike E. | |
| January 2, 2006 | |
|
Updated 05/14/2007 Problem:
Solutions: Since this is a re-write of the original article I figured I'd go about this differently. Please read through the entire article before trying any of the solutions/options listed below. Also, these options are in no specific order EXCEPT for Option 1. If you feel up to using any of the options to repair this error I implore you to please go through Option 1 first. Other than that, the other options you can go through at your discretion.
Since some of the information in here, if used incorrectly, could case permanent damage to your system, be aware that neither I, nor the websites, their owners, moderators, members, or hosting providers can be held liable for any damage done to your system while using the information provided. This material is here for informational purposes. Use this document and all methods here at your own risk!
Recovery Console The Windows XP Recovery Console1. Please note: There is a built-in “Administrator” account when you install Windows 2000 or Windows XP. When entering the recovery console that is the password the recovery console is asking for. It is not asking for the account you created during install or the one that you generally login to. Unless, of course, you're logging into the built-in administrator's account which is not a good idea. If the password was/is blank then you shouldn't get a prompt asking for a password. It'll just load into a C:\> prompt. However, if it asks for a password and you don't remember setting one then there is a known issue with OEM versions of Windows XP and Sysprep (don't worry about sysprep, for another time) with administrator's passwords. If that's the case, then just visit this http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308402/en-us website to download and use updated Windows XP Setup Floppies for your version of Windows XP. If by chance you have forgotten the password, I'm sorry, we can't help you recover it. You can, however, read option 3 or 4 for a way to repair your computer.
Option 1 Firstly, it is in my belief that since you're having issues loading a file (the windows registry is a database of files, so yes, it's a file issue) that you could also be having an issue with your hard drive. I also believe that since that that your drive could be going bad it is best to determine if that is the case or not first. The reason behind that is because the more you read/write from the bad drive, the more of a possibility you have of losing important information by causing more irreversible damage to the drive by reading and writing to/from the drive.
What I recommend to do first is to read an article by steamwiz on how to backup your files from an unbootable computer. That article is located at http://www.help2go.com/Tutorials/Computer_Basics/How_to_recover_files_from_an_unbootable%10dead_computer.html. Tip, in the article, steamwiz mentions a linux live cd named Knoppix. If you follow the article and download Knoppix please make sure to download knoppix version 5.0 or higher, it may help you later in this tutorial. After backing up your files, find out your hard drive manufacturer by opening the side of the case. All you have to do is look at the drive label and find out who makes it. More often than not you will not have to unplug anything to view the label of your drive so don't worry about that. Once you figure out who the manufacturer of your drive is go here to learn about their drive diagnostic utilities: http://www.tacktech.com/display.cfm?ttid=287 Note: I urge you to read all documentation supplied with your hard drive manufacturer's drive diagnostics. The reason, if you go through the menus and pick the wrong option you can inadvertently erase the contents of your entire drive. I'm not trying to scare you from doing a drive diagnostic, just making sure you are warned about not reading the documentation.
If your drive came back OK after running the drive diagnostic utilities then continue. If your drive came back bad or you encountered an error during the diagnostics please call a tech support company in your area or post to our forums. You should already have made a backup using Knoppix and steamwiz's tutorial above.
Option 2 Please see the section “Recovery Console” to enter the Windows XP recovery console. Option 3 After typing “exit” and pressing “enter” on the keyboard your computer will restart, hopefully into a working machine. If by some chance this did not fix your issue you can either go through this option again and try a different restore point or continue with the other options. Update: According to some users/readers of this article there have been instances of following this option and it not working and when they go back into the Recovery Console to try a different restore point they are asked for a password and when they enter the password it is incorrect or the recovery console doesn't let them have access. If this happens to you please follow either option 3 or 4 at your discretion. Either of those should fix this issue. Unfortunately, I don't have an answer as to why suddenly the Recovery Console either asks for a password when it didn't before or it doesn't recognize the password you used the first time. I can assure you that I am looking into this and will give you the answer as soon as I do. The only thing I can assume is that it has to do with the issue discussed in the “Recovery Console” section when using OEM or Sysprep imaged machines. Option 4 I've tried writing this option before but it seemed as though this option was turning into another article inside of an article discussing how to add your dead hard drive as a secondary drive to a working computer so I thought of just writing it assuming you know how to do that. If you don't, please post on the forums or just skip to Option 4. On with the article. This option works if you have a 2nd working computer running Windows 2000, XP, or 2003 and also if you have system restore enabled on the dead computer. If you are using XP Home, you will have to start in safe-mode to see the “Security” tab in the folder properties that is mentioned later in this option. What you need to do is remove the hard drive from the dead computer and put it as a secondary/slave drive into the 2nd working computer. Once you have the dead hard drive installed in the working computer please boot the working computer. Once Windows is finished loading you will have to show all hidden files/folders and all hidden operating system files. You can do this by going into “My Computer” and then at the top select “tools” then “folder options”. Once the “folder options” dialog opens click the “view” tab and under “Hidden Files and Folders” section put the bullet (circle thing) next to “show hidden files and folders”. Also, in that same window UNCheck “hide extensions for known file types” AND “hide protected operating system files (recommended)”. Once you change those options click the “apply” and then the “ok” buttons. You should now be back at the “My Computer” window. There, you should also see another hard drive listed. Open that drive. Once you open that hard drive you will see a slightly transparent folder named “System Volume Information”. Try and open it. If you get an error saying “access is denied” right click the folder and select “properties”. When the new dialog window opens click the “security” tab and then click the “add” button. When you click the “add” button a new window will open entitled “select users or groups”. In the section named “Enter the object names to select (example):” enter the word “Administrators” (no quotes, and note that it's plural). Press the “check names” button and then “Ok” button. After you do that you will be taken back to the security tab where the “Administrators” group will be listed. Click that once to highlight it and then you'll see the section in that window that says “Permissions for Administrators:” In the “allow” column check “Full Control” and note everything else will have a check mark automatically added in the “allow” column. Click “apply” then “ok”. You should now be back in the newly added hard drive and looking at the “system volume information” folder. You can now enter that folder. Once you open that folder you will be faced with 2 files and one folder. The folder will be named “_restore{xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx}” where xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx is a bunch of random numbers and letters separated by hyphens “-”. Open that folder and you will now see all the rpXX folders, where XX is the number of restore points you have. Following the same examples from Option 2 you want to pick the 2nd highest numerical folder in the list and open it. For example, if I had folders rp01 through rp27 listed I would want to open rp26. After opening that folder you will see 14 files and 1 folder. We are not worried about the folder named “repository”. We are worried about the files which are your backed up registry files from system restore. For right now, minimize this window.
We want to open a NEW “My Computer” window and go into that same drive. There we will go to \windows\system32\config\ . Example: If the dead hard drive that I added to my working computer was given a drive letter of “G” i would go into G:\windows\system32\config\. I would then RENAME (by right clicking the file and selecting rename) the SYSTEM file to SYSTEM.OLD (noting the period “.”). Now minimize this window.
After renaming the SYSTEM file to SYSTEM.OLD, go to the rpXX folder that you minimized and RIGHT click __registry_machine_system and select “copy”. Now maximize the \windows\system32\config\ folder that you minimized above and right click a blank spot and select “paste” (or “edit” from the menu above and select “paste”). After you select “paste” you'll see the __registry_machine_system file in the \windows\system32\config\ folder. Now right click that file and select “RENAME” and rename it to “SYSTEM” (no quotes, upper or lower case doesn't matter).
Before continuing let's make sure we got this right. You are renaming the file \windows\system32\config\SYSTEM of the dead drive to SYSTEM.OLD. Then, you are copying the file __registry_machine_system from the \system volume information\_restore{xxxxxxxxx-xxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx}\RPXX\snapshot folder to \windows\system32\config folder of the dead drive and pasting it to the \windows\system32\config folder of the dead drive and renaming it to SYSTEM.
If that is correct, turn OFF the computer and unplug it from the wall outlet. Remove the dead drive and put it back in your “dead” computer remembering to change your jumper settings if you reconfigured them before putting them in your working computer. Turn on the “dead” computer and it should now turn into a zombie and come alive.
Option 5 With Option 5 you are pretty much doing the same thing as option 4 but using a Linux Live CD. If you have done what you were told, you would already have read the article by steamwiz and downloaded Knoppix v5 or higher and burned it to a cd. If you have, continue, if not, shame on you for not backing up your data and I don't want to hear your whining if you lose your kids baby pictures. Now download that Knoppix ISO and burn it to a disc!
Moving on, insert the the burned Knoppix CD in the drive and boot from the CDRom drive. When the computer turns on you'll see some knoppix info and a prompt that says “boot:”. At that point just hit the “enter” key on the keyboard. If you have trouble booting from the Knoppix CD you may ask in the Help2Go forums or you may ask in the Knoppix forums.
Once knoppix is loaded you'll see an icon of a hard drive on the desktop labeled “hard disk partition [.....]”. If you have more than one, each one is a separate partition on your hard drive. Single click on both of them and remember which one has the “Documents and Settings” folder inside of it. For the one that has the “documents and settings” folder inside of it, right click it and select “Change read write mode”. It'll ask if you are sure, select “ok”. Now, you will follow all the steps in Option 4 starting at the 5th paragraph (“You should now be back in the newly added hard....”). Once you have finished those steps click the icon in the bottom left corner of the screen where the Windows Start Menu usually is. It's a blue K icon with a gear in it. Now select “log out” and then “restart computer”. Once the computer ejects the cd automatically for you, remove the cd, and press the enter key on the keyboard to finish restarting hopefully to a fixed Windows Desktop.
This is all the information I have for you right now. PartieHonteuse
=============== Knoppix Linux Live CD/DVD from http://knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html If for some reason you want the original tutorial you can PM me: PartieHonteuse and I will attach it to the reply. |
) and hit enter.2 After it completes, restart the computer. This could have fixed your problem but if not, then proceed to Option 3.What You Need To Know About VoIP
VoIP is an online service that allows you to send your voice over the Internet. With it you can speak to people on regular telephones by placing your call from your computer. There are also special VoIP phones as well as adaptors you can use on regular telephones. Wireless hot spots can even allow you to use VoIP wirelessly, and you can find such hot spots in many different locations, such as cybercafes, hotels, and airports.
For the above facility what kind of equipments are needed? A broad band connection with high speed Internet only needed. It should be with high speed services called DSL with modem and it has to be connected with cables local area network. Totally, two items viz. a computer, traditional phone with special adapter or specialized phone are necessary. But some VoIP services will be working only with your computer or specialized phone. Some will be with your traditional phone and it has to be connected with VoIP adapter. If you are using your computer for this facility you should have some software and a cheap rated microphone. Some special VoIP phones will be directly linked with your broad band connection and they will function heavily like an old phone. On using your telephone with a VoIP adapter, as usual as you can dial always with service provider?s dial tone.
Not all VoIP providers offer the same services. Some will offer all calls to other VoIP subscribers for free. Some allow you to call anywhere within a certain area code for free. Others will allow you to call anywhere at all for one flat monthly rate. As some VoIP providers allow you to select what area code you want to use as your own, you must keep in mind that some people living nearby to you geographically might then have to pay long distance fees to call you.
Through this VoIP service, who can I call? According to your calls service the limits will be fixed to all subscribers to the service. Also you can dial the phone numbers of the people those who are local, long distance, having mobile and international phone numbers. If you call for somebody who has analog phone, he can talk to you with his same analog phone without need of any special equipment. Some VoIP providers facilitate to talk with more than one person simultaneously. There are some main advantages in VoIP services. Many of the VoIP providers will not render their services with traditional phones particularly. Some VoIP providers will allow their services by collecting additional extra payment. As per your choice and wish you may avoid the payment for brand band connection and also traditional phone line. There are some disadvantages also in VoIP services. If you like to replace your traditional phone with VoIP you have to face some differences exactly.
1. Some VoIP services do not work during power outages and service providers may be unable to provide backup power. 2. Not all VoIP services connect directly to emergency services through 9-1-1. For additional information, please contact Tel: 911. 3. VoIP service provider may or may not offer directory assistance / white page of the list.
Every VoIP provider offers a different array of services, but most of them should allow you to work on your computer and talk through it at the same time. Some of them will allow you to use their services from any computer. Depending on what services you have your computer may or may not need to be turned on to use VoIP, though all services require the broadband connection to be active. If you use a telephone with VoIP then it will ring just like a normal telephone. If you use your computer, then the software you use for VoIP will alert you when you receive a call.
Can we adjust or regulate VoIP with FCC? In the month of June 2005, the FCC granted forcefully 911 obligations to all VoIP service providers. Generally, the users of VoIP services will make calls from their regular telephones and also will receive the call in the same manner only. However, some difference were made between in 911 calls using VoIP and 911 calls using regular telephone services. Regarding this for complete information you can verify the consumer fact sheet on VoIP and 911. Moreover, to meet the terms of FCC it requires interconnected VoIP providers with the Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA). In addition,the Universal Service Fund also supporting communications services in coastal areas and for high paid telephone subscribers. Such considerations will be caused for the new progress in internet technology without fail. Hence, you should be always checked with the VoIP service providers of your choice for the assurance of any advantages and limitations of their service.
Graham McKenzie in an online content syndicator for a leading South African Anti-spam provider.
For the above facility what kind of equipments are needed? A broad band connection with high speed Internet only needed. It should be with high speed services called DSL with modem and it has to be connected with cables local area network. Totally, two items viz. a computer, traditional phone with special adapter or specialized phone are necessary. But some VoIP services will be working only with your computer or specialized phone. Some will be with your traditional phone and it has to be connected with VoIP adapter. If you are using your computer for this facility you should have some software and a cheap rated microphone. Some special VoIP phones will be directly linked with your broad band connection and they will function heavily like an old phone. On using your telephone with a VoIP adapter, as usual as you can dial always with service provider?s dial tone.
Not all VoIP providers offer the same services. Some will offer all calls to other VoIP subscribers for free. Some allow you to call anywhere within a certain area code for free. Others will allow you to call anywhere at all for one flat monthly rate. As some VoIP providers allow you to select what area code you want to use as your own, you must keep in mind that some people living nearby to you geographically might then have to pay long distance fees to call you.
Through this VoIP service, who can I call? According to your calls service the limits will be fixed to all subscribers to the service. Also you can dial the phone numbers of the people those who are local, long distance, having mobile and international phone numbers. If you call for somebody who has analog phone, he can talk to you with his same analog phone without need of any special equipment. Some VoIP providers facilitate to talk with more than one person simultaneously. There are some main advantages in VoIP services. Many of the VoIP providers will not render their services with traditional phones particularly. Some VoIP providers will allow their services by collecting additional extra payment. As per your choice and wish you may avoid the payment for brand band connection and also traditional phone line. There are some disadvantages also in VoIP services. If you like to replace your traditional phone with VoIP you have to face some differences exactly.
1. Some VoIP services do not work during power outages and service providers may be unable to provide backup power. 2. Not all VoIP services connect directly to emergency services through 9-1-1. For additional information, please contact Tel: 911. 3. VoIP service provider may or may not offer directory assistance / white page of the list.
Every VoIP provider offers a different array of services, but most of them should allow you to work on your computer and talk through it at the same time. Some of them will allow you to use their services from any computer. Depending on what services you have your computer may or may not need to be turned on to use VoIP, though all services require the broadband connection to be active. If you use a telephone with VoIP then it will ring just like a normal telephone. If you use your computer, then the software you use for VoIP will alert you when you receive a call.
Can we adjust or regulate VoIP with FCC? In the month of June 2005, the FCC granted forcefully 911 obligations to all VoIP service providers. Generally, the users of VoIP services will make calls from their regular telephones and also will receive the call in the same manner only. However, some difference were made between in 911 calls using VoIP and 911 calls using regular telephone services. Regarding this for complete information you can verify the consumer fact sheet on VoIP and 911. Moreover, to meet the terms of FCC it requires interconnected VoIP providers with the Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA). In addition,the Universal Service Fund also supporting communications services in coastal areas and for high paid telephone subscribers. Such considerations will be caused for the new progress in internet technology without fail. Hence, you should be always checked with the VoIP service providers of your choice for the assurance of any advantages and limitations of their service.
Graham McKenzie in an online content syndicator for a leading South African Anti-spam provider.
Network Operating Systems and Client Connectivity
Network operating systems (NOS) are some of the most powerful and complex software products available today. This tutorial looks at a number of operating systems that are widely used in today's network environments.
In this tutorial, we will also look at the interoperability capabilities of each network operating system and at the range of client support it provides. However, the information described in this tutorial is not intended to provide a complete tutorial in any of the operating systems discussed.
Part of the job of a network administrator is to manage the network media. This tutorial reviews some of the common tools used to manage network media.
Finally, configuring client systems to access a network is a common task for administrators. There are several steps that must be completed including establishing the physical connections and protocols. Similarly, this tutorial explores the requirements to connect client systems outside the local network. Again, establishing the physical connections and configuring protocols is required.
Early network operating systems provided just the basics in terms of network services, such as file and printer sharing. Today's network operating systems offer a far broader range of network services; some of these services are used in almost every network environment, and others are used in only a few.
Despite the complexity of operating systems, the basic function and purpose of a network operating system is straightforward: to provide services to the network. The following are some of the most common of these services:
*
Authentication services
*
File and print services
*
Web server services
*
Firewall and proxy services
*
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) services
These are just a few of a large number of services that a network operating system can provide.
The following sections discuss the major operating systems currently in use and how each of them deals with basic services such as authentication, security, and file and print services.
In this tutorial, we will also look at the interoperability capabilities of each network operating system and at the range of client support it provides. However, the information described in this tutorial is not intended to provide a complete tutorial in any of the operating systems discussed.
Part of the job of a network administrator is to manage the network media. This tutorial reviews some of the common tools used to manage network media.
Finally, configuring client systems to access a network is a common task for administrators. There are several steps that must be completed including establishing the physical connections and protocols. Similarly, this tutorial explores the requirements to connect client systems outside the local network. Again, establishing the physical connections and configuring protocols is required.
Early network operating systems provided just the basics in terms of network services, such as file and printer sharing. Today's network operating systems offer a far broader range of network services; some of these services are used in almost every network environment, and others are used in only a few.
Despite the complexity of operating systems, the basic function and purpose of a network operating system is straightforward: to provide services to the network. The following are some of the most common of these services:
*
Authentication services
*
File and print services
*
Web server services
*
Firewall and proxy services
*
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) services
These are just a few of a large number of services that a network operating system can provide.
The following sections discuss the major operating systems currently in use and how each of them deals with basic services such as authentication, security, and file and print services.
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